Module 2: Livelihood approaches in a nutshell

Predominantly deductive reasoning

Systemic and dynamic linkages in time and space, inspired by New Institutional Economics

Conceptual approach

Predominantly inductive reasoning based on practical experience. Applying metaphoric and symbolic representation of livelihood

Proposing explicit linkages between micro and macro contexts of livelihood, both in the field of Policy, Institutions and Processes and the Vulnerability Context

Linking micro and macro perspectives

Addressing micro-macro linkages only implicitly through the square called "Socio-Economic Space" in the RLS Mandala

Addressing poverty explicitly with the reference to vulnerability and its linkages to assets for coping

Poverty orientation

No explicit conceptual orientation towards poverty

Focusing on the constellation of assets of livelihood systems, with an economic bias

Addressing psychological aspects of livelihood

Acknowledging inner and outer realities of livelihood, including emotional dimensions

Focusing on changing asset portfolios of livelihood systems and interaction with institutions (value system) and policy context.

Decision-making at household level

Embedding decision-making into inner and outer realities of livelihood and it gender-related dimensions

Strategies explicitly addressed as a systemic loop, inviting exploration of livelihood activities and outcomes

Strategies implicitly addressed, heuristic approach, stressing forces and factors relevant for strategy

Applicable for rural and urban livelihoods

Not bound to project-based development efforts

Can be integrated into PCM (Project Cycle Management)

Scope for application

Originally conceived for a rural context but adaptable to urban livelihood as well

Not bound to project-based development efforts

Can be integrated into PCM (Project Cycle Management)